Sexual Harassment - Case Study 2 - 1437 Words

Sexual Harassment – Case study 2 Stephanie K. Allen Business 2130 Employment Law for Business February 8, 2015 Dr. Hamid Kazeroony â€Å"Men believe we should have laws against sexual harassment, but their hostile reaction toward women who sued successfully for sexual harassment shows that they are, in fact, threatened by the law. The criminalization of the woman reimagines the men as victims and the woman as a perpetrator† (Tinkler, 2012, p. 37). This quote speaks to the heart of the Vinson-vs-Taylor case. This case centers on the question, â€Å"Was the sexual harassment alleged by Vinson truly harassment because she was a voluntary participant?† The following case study will examine the decisions made by two separate courts, it will discuss when acquiescence is not permission, and whether or not the company should be held liable in cases of harassment. Finally the case study will examine how accuser can make a claim stronger. As previously stated the case of Vinson-vs-Taylor centers on a tough question. Does sexual harassment exist if sexual behavior is voluntary? When presented with the claim, the district court ruled that sexual harassment did not occur due to the fact that Vinson participated in the sexual contact voluntarily and repeatedly over a long period of time. Title VII defines sexual harassment as having been committed if one of three conditions are met: Submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of anShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment At The Workplace1270 Words   |  6 PagesManagement and Leadership TOPIC of INTEREST: Sexual Harassment in the (Army) Workplace The main significance of this proposal is to bring to light a review of the sexual harassment that takes place at the workplace. Sexual harassment is a form of discrimination that violates the equality of human rights in the workplace. These are very unfortunate incidences that still occur in a manner that is unrestrained. In this section, sexual harassment is going to be defined first. Furthermore, emphasisRead MoreSexual Harrasment Prevention Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesSexual Harassment Prevention BA411 Training and Development Grantham University Gustavo A. Hernandez 1. Create 2 more SMART goals for this training. Identify Different Types of Sexual Harassment Specific: Trainees will become familiar and aware of the many different forms that sexual harassment comes in. Measurable: Trainees will obtain knowledge on the following topics on sexual harassment: Harassing Conduct, Sexual Joking, Sexist Words, Sexist Behavior, Sexual Advances, and RequestsRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace Eva L. Mendez-Zacher MG260, Business Law I 28 September 2014 Dr. Anita Whitby Abstract I’m conducting a study on Sexual harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment is possible in all social and economic classes, ethnic groups, jobs and places in the community. Through this study I hope to clarify the common misconception that sexual harassment is an isolated female problem. Although the majority of the cases reported are in fact male on femaleRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 Pages Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Eva L. Mendez-Zacher MG260, Business Law I 28 September 2014 Dr. Anita Whitby Abstract I’m conducting a study on Sexual harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment is possible in all social and economic classes, ethnic groups, jobs and places in the community. Through this study I hope to clarify the common misconception that sexual harassment is an isolated female problem. Although the majority of the cases reported are in fact male on femaleRead MoreEssay about Sexual Harassment in the Workplace1307 Words   |  6 Pages Obviously, it is a very natural thing for men and women to be attracted to each other in sexual ways. Men, more than women, have been historically known to be far more aggressive in their advances toward women sexually and it varies from each woman as to how these aggressive advances make them feel. Advances such as whistling, bottom pinching and glaring are the types of things some men do to women in an attempt to show they are sexually attracted to them. These types of advances can be attemptedRead MoreGender Harassment And Het erosexist Harassment964 Words   |  4 PagesIn the research study â€Å"Two sides of the same coin: Gender harassment and heterosexist harassment in LGBQ work lives†, the researchers, Lilia M. Cortina and Veronica Caridad Rabelo, focused their study on people of the LGBQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Queer) community in the workplace. Individuals who consider themselves to be a part of the LGBQ community face many hardships in everyday life, and dealing with hate in the workplace is simply one of the many burdens placed upon them. Some are constantlyRead MoreSexual Harassment : How Does It Differ From Bullying?891 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is sexual harassment? How does it differ from bullying? Sexual harassment is an unwanted attention that is sexual in nature. It can be a one-time occurrence or a result of repeated behaviour. In addition, harassment is viewed from the victim’s perspective and what the perceiver or affected individual would feel in the exact same situation. Workplace bullying on the other hand can be defined as an act or verbal behavior that is persistent and continuous, with intent to mentally hurt or isolateRead MoreSafe Urban Spaces For Women Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesSAFE URBAN SPACES FOR WOMEN SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORKPLACE INTRODUCTION Sexual harassment is unwelcome sexual behaviour, which could be expected to make a person feel offended, humiliated or intimidated. It can be physical, verbal or written.   Sexual harassment is covered in the workplace when it happens: †¢ at work †¢ at work-related events †¢ between people sharing the same workplace †¢ between colleagues outside of work.   It involves employees, managers, agents, clients, customers and othersRead MoreSexual Harassment At A Workplace Organization Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesNumerous studies have been conducted on sexual harassment in a workplace organization. Workplace sexual harassment receives a lot of attention. According to James R. DiSanza and Nancy J. Legge (2012), sexual harassment is defined as: â€Å"Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that takes place under any of the following circumstances: 1. When submission to the sexual advance is a condition of keeping or getting a job, whether expressedRead MoreSexual Harassment Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesSexual harassment is so ordinary in the workforce that frequently we fail to even recognize harassing behavior as immoral. This is because so many of us--women and men alike--have become desensitized to offensive behaviors. Sexual harassment in any form is unacceptable behavior and should not be tolerated by anyone. It undermines our ability to study, to work, and to feel like effective, empowered people in the world. The U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission describes sexual harassment as

Gender Roles And Gender Role Essay - 1385 Words

NAME PROFESSOR COURSE DATE OF SUBMISSION Gender roles Introduction Gender is set of characteristics that may be used to differentiate between female and male through the use of one’s gender or through gender identity therefore. Gender role can be considered as the hypothetical construct in humanities and in many social sciences referring to a set of behavioral and social norms which in a particular culture may be largely regarded to be socially appropriate for individuals of a particular sex, gender roles vary from various societies. For instant among many societies both male and female have various specific duties like in the case of Maasai community in Kenya it’s the role of the woman to build a house this is unlike many communities such as luos where it’s the duty of a man to build a house for the family. Gender role may be depicted in politics, religion, and culture. In politics gender role has been evidenced in the perception people have while choosing leaders, there have been some leadership position mainly for particular sexes. This is cleared observed through representation in some roles in various countries such as America and German. Gender roles in politics Based on the past statistics gender there have been female inequalities in the political involvement causing huge gender gap in political participation. Women have been in lack of the political resources like the political information and political interest. This has been due to some process such as genderShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Gender Role844 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles can be defined as roles society expects people to play on account of their sex life. Like all roles, gender roles are made up of sets of expectations, so they can be thought of as sets of expirations, so they can be thought of as sets of expectation that are attached to sex.(pp: 220 John E. Farley Michael W. Flota). The key word gender role affects me personally because as recent graduate of high school it’s time for me to go into the real world, of working class gender role of theRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Role Essay784 Words   |  4 Pagessession, I will discuss the gender roles in my family. The definition of gender role is the degree to which a person adopts the gender-specific behaviors ascribed by his or her culture (Matsumoto, D. R., Juang 2013, 156). For example, traditional gender roles recommend that males are aggressive, angry, and unemotional. It goes further and explains that the male should leave the home every day to make a living and be the main wage earner. The traditional gender role for the female purpose is toRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Role1370 Words   |  6 PagesEach gender will have different ways they should live their life in order to stay within their gender role. Some will meet the expectations and other will not. That does not make them look le ss of their gender, they will just be expected to meet them. Over the years, some gender roles have submerged and others have risen above. They will be able to show how the gender roles are supposed to be in jobs, education, and marriage and also how they can benefit from stepping out of the gender roles. GrowingRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles1437 Words   |  6 Pages Gender roles play an important role in society whether it is for good or for bad. These roles have been placed in society since the beginning of time. The term gender is socially created and it therefore categorizes men from women. How is gender defined, and what makes it different from the term sex? â€Å"†¦sex refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish women and men: sex chromosomes, reproductive organs, sex-specific hormones, and physical characteristics†¦Gender†¦ refers to the socialRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles844 Words   |  4 PagesSociety has institutionalized gender roles since the beginning of time, a common one is that women are the nurturers and housekeepers, while men are the breadwinners of household. In spite of centuries, and fighting for women s rights, such as the right to vote in the late 1920s. Women still have roles to fulfill, even in a modern society that is dominated by a virtual world. Gender identification has multiplied from that of men and women, to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ)Read MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles1110 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieve gender is only based on being male or female. People believe gender is based on the physical and biological differences between women and men. Over the last few years, the term gender has changed. When some people believe gender is being male or female. Most people associate gender with gender roles and how people are supposed to function or perform based on society’s expectations. In other words, people believe males and females have to behave according to their gender or gender roles to beRead MoreGender Roles : Gender And Gender1587 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween gender and sex. Sex is anatomical and biological. Gender role can be defined as a person’s inner sense of how a male or female should feel and behave. Culture and societ y are two important factors in relation to this particular topic. This implies that various societies and cultures may produce children and later fully grown men and women who may have diverse perspectives of a man or a woman’s place or role in the world around them; this is often determined by their culture’s gender stereotypesRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles863 Words   |  4 PagesGender can sometimes be seen as biological characteristics humans have, when in fact it is the social characteristic ones society deems either masculine or feminine. Sex, on the other hand, is the biological differences in humans, for example, hormones and sex organs. People usually play gender roles in society, otherwise known as gender ideology. Gender ideology is when men and women have certain attitudes regarding their ‘fixed’ roles, responsibilities and rights. Throughout history men and womenRead MoreGender And Gender Roles1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of gender roles is a subject that has been discussed and argued upon for several years, regarding the depiction and expectations of what it means to be a man and, conversely, what it means to be a woman. Along with the topic comes what and how society defines masculinity and femininity. Society has given men the title of being masculine due to the reflection of   dominance, strength, aggressiveness, independence , and the use of interpersonal skills. Whereas society has given females theRead MoreGender And Gender Roles1080 Words   |  5 PagesGender roles are born through social construct rather than given biologically. Language in male and female roles have been substantially focused on â€Å"how the system is put to use in practice† (Bucholtz 1999: Page 80). If a person studied the differences of feminism and masculinity, the differences will outstand each other, because women are expected to act and speak in a specific way, as well as men. An insight of the differentiati on of men and women would be â€Å"women may use â€Å"men’s† forms to index

Draculas death Essay Example For Students

Draculas death Essay In Bram Strokers infamous novel, Dracula, he tries to explain the life of the undead, then continues to explain how to kill these creatures of the night. We find out that you must stab a vampire in the heart with a wooden stake, and then slash off their head. This is the only way that we are led to believe that you may be able to kill these undead. We learn this through Stokers vampire expert Van Helsing, he seems to be the most educated on the subject of the undead and creatures of the night, otherwise known as vampires. He explains to the rest of the posse, which consists of; Harker, Quincy, Dr. Seaward, and the Van Helsing, on how this feat must be done. But later, in one of the most mysterious parts of the novel, Draculas death, you are supposed to see another way to kill a creature if the night. Did Stoker make a mistake, or was this intentional? Due to these details I believe that Dracula merely shape shifted his way out of this predicament. This elite group is now searching to destroy Dracula. They first start with one of Draculas minions, Lucy. She had been introduced to Draculas dark side and was now a vampire. They went to her catacomb, when they found her they drove a wooden stake into her heart and soon followed it up with cutting her head off and filling their mouths with garlic. According to Van Helsing, this was the only known way to free Lucys soul into heaven. Dracula was not stabbed with a wooden stake, nor was he decapitated. These were all the ways that we were led to believe that was the way you were to kill a vampire. Draculas death left many questions unanswered. He turned into a pile of dust, which he could have merely shape shifted into. Minas marks had disappeared, Dracula was the head vampire he is sure to have special powers like; being able to turn into mist, fog, etc. , and Mina seemed to return to normal, just another power. As we went through the novel, Lucy needed to be decapitated and stabbed, and three female vampires at Draculas castle needed to be decapitated, to be killed. If all of these vampires, who were far less powerful than Dracula, had to be killed in this way, then why would it only take a simple Bowie knife to kill the lead vampire? This is the true mystery of the novel. I believe he Dracula has all these powers, why would it take much less to kill him? We have seen him turn into fog and what not, so how he could not turn into dust to escape is not unreasonable. He used his shape shifting powers to get out of another life threatening situation, and therefore is still alive when the novel ends. The novel is informative parts on how to kill a vampire. As the story progresses we see four vampires killed, and are left to question the fifth. The fifth being Dracula, which seems to merely shape shift his way out of the situation. Dracula being the most powerful vampire, being the head vampire dies in the weakest way. None of the previous approved methods were used for killing vampires, on how to kill a vampire. The principal vampire is killed in the simplest way: a single Bowie knife plunged into his heart. This is how you kill a common man, not the most powerful, head vampire. This is another reason why I believe Dracula is still alive.Bibliography:

The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs Essay Example

The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs Essay Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as the process of planning and carrying out the design, pricing, promotion and the distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that will satisfy individual and organizational objectives.(Lancaster, 1998) A study by (Hogarth-Scott et al., 1996) examined how complex the marketing practiced in small business was and how it is used to strategically gain a competitive advantage over a competitor. Carson (1990) in a longitudinal study of small firms in Belfast area has made a strong contribution to the understanding of market practice of marketing in small firms and concludes that marketing is often seen as peripheral to small firms requirements. Research has found some small businesses use sophisticated marketing strategies and others use no marketing. Small business owners are seen as generalists and should not be expected to change to specialists in marketing. We will write a custom essay sample on The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The nature of relationship marketing in Greek SMEs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In their work Fitchew, Stokes and Blackburn (Jack, 1998) aimed to provide an understanding of what marketing means to small business owners and stated that small firms share a number of characteristics differentiating them from larger organizations. They continued by stating that empirical work suggests that these characteristics lead to a number of marketing problems. To illustrate their point they use the following factors as examples; limited customer base, limited activity, owner/managers marketing competency, lack of formalized planning and evolutionary marketing, and, innovation, niches and gaps. Jack and Bower (Jack, 1998) found that the firms they studied attributed their success to the product/service supplied, their willingness to adopt to and meet customers requirements, helping to build, maintain and retain customer loyalty and building a marketing strategy around their competitive advantage. It follows therefore that marketing is particularly relevant to the small business, the use and application may determine the winners from the losers. The relationship and affinity that many SME owners/managers have with their customer base has frequently been cited as an advantage of the SME sector. For instance Carson (1990) discussed the importance of customer relationships for the small business. Similarly Carson, Crombie, McGowan and Hill (1995) who implied that the best strategy a small business can adopt is to fully appreciate and exploit any existing customer base, prior to attempting an expansion of this base. Similarly, McAuley (Jack, 1998) discussed how important it is for the entrepreneur to be interested in the customer, developing a relationship and building on it over time, not just for the domestic market but also for the internationalization of the small business. This relationship between the firm and the customer is called relationship marketing Thus Shani and Chalasani (1992) define relationship marketing as an integrated effort to identify, maintain, and build up a network with individual consumers and to continuously strengthen the network for the mutual benefit of both sides, through interactive, individualized and value-added contacts over a long period of time Aims The aim of this project is to develop an explanatory theory that will associate certain factors to the effectiveness of relationship marketing in small business in Greece. It will seek to determine how relationship marketing can be practiced by small businesses. It will try to further understand the special features of relationship marketing implementation in small businesses. It will also try to highlight the importance of the entrepreneur in practicing relationship marketing. Research questions 1. If small business in Greece practice relationship marketing 2. How effectively do small business use relationship marketing in Greece? 3. How important is the entrepreneur in practicing relationship marketing? 4. Are there any other elements that need to be considered in relation to small business use of relationship marketing? Plan of Investigation Literature review Surveying 2000 SMEs in 1991 and 1995, the study sought to identify the particular factors which small firm owners-managers believe contribute most to their competitive advantage (Cambridge Small Business Research Centre, 1992; Kitson and wilkinson, 1996). In 1991, the main competitive advantage of small firms was found to be personal attention to client needs, although established reputation, the provision of specialized expertise and product quality were also believed to be important factors. In the marketing domain it is essential for managers and others to keep in close touch with customers to assess their needs and aspirations. It is also beneficial to maintain a long-term relationship with customers. Loyal customers who continue to purchase particular goods or services over time are very attractive to business. The costs of acquiring new customers is considerable and the latter are likely to be more fickle and responsive to marginal additional benefits provided by competitors. Long-term relationships generate a self-sustaining dynamic, which allows each party to weather the storms that arise between interdependent people. (Carson et al., 1995) In 1990s, the topic of relationship marketing has become one of great interest to both marketing scholars and marketing practitioners. In the increasingly mature and complex markets in which organizations are now operating, building relationships and sustaining then are frequently, ore important than customer acquisition. McKenna (1991) offers a more strategic view of relationship marketing by putting the customer first and shifting the role of marketing from manipulating the customer (telling and selling) to genuine customer involvement (communicating and sharing the knowledge). Berry (1993), in somewhat broader terms, also has strategic viewpoint on relationship marketing. He stresses that attracting new customers should be viewed only as an intermediate step in the marketing process. Developing closer relationship with these customers and turning them into loyal once are equally important aspects of marketing. Thus he defines relationship marketing as attracting, maintaining, and-in multi-service-organizations-enhancing customer relationships. A considerable amount of work has focused on the relevance and applicability of relationship marketing to all customers and suppliers as well as the limitations of relationship marketing. Blois(1996) examines the conditions under which a customer is willing to become involved in and then to continue a relationship. The customer must be convinced of the overall benefits of the relationship, so that the advantages outweigh the costs of obtaining similar supplies through discrete transactions. Some researchers have questioned whether relationship marketing practices benefit both customer and supplier. Worthington and Horne (1996) consider whether relationship marketing operates in a mutually beneficial way across customer-supplier with reference to the affinity card industry. Other researchers, such as Murphy (1996), have examined the financial services industry and found that both customers and suppliers benefit from relationship marketing. For the customer a long-tern relationship helps reduce perceived risk in purchasing financial services, whereas for the supplier it allows enhanced retention rates and therefore improved profitability. Other academic work by Palmer (1994) explores the role of relationship marketing in the marketing curriculum and the alternative perspectives of relationship marketing held by a sample of U.K managers (Palmer Mayer, 1996) Unfortunately there is a lack of research of relationship marketing in SMEs sector. In the vast majority of the academic literature we found out about the importance of relationship marketing in firms and especially in SME. But there is very limited research on how a firm can implement relationship marketing and relationship marketing techniques. In this study we will try to understand how relationship marketing is been practiced in the SMEs sector in Greece. Greece could be a very helpful example as personal relations are very important and quite different to U.K Also be aware that effective working relationships emerge: (1) when interacting parties communicate openly and regularly; (2) when a degree of trust develops between individuals and groups; (3) when the parties understand the viewpoint of their counterparts; (4) when non-coercive methods of influence are utilized; (5) when those who interact accept their adversaries have a legitimate right to express their point of view; and (6) when joint decision-making is neither unduly emotional nor hard-headed (Carson et al., 1995). Sample The sampling frame will consist of small manufacturing enterprises in the Attica district of Greece. As Athens, the capital of Greece, is located in Attica, this district contains a high concentration of small enterprises. An estimated population of 4000 SMEs in the district operating in a variety of different manufacturing sectors. ICAP (Greek Business Information Company) will be contacted to generate the sample required from their database. Through the use of stratified random sampling the population is divided into three strata of non-overlapping groups. These are based on the number of employees outlined in the EC February 1996 definition of small businesses. ICAP will carry out three separate searches, draw a random sample from each subset to form the total sample of businesses. Probability sampling will be used to answer the research questions by making inferences from the sample about a population. This sampling technique is used to obtain a representative sample. Overall research design A multi-method approach was felt to be the most suitable for this study as the in depth knowledge of social contexts acquired through qualitative research can be used to inform the design of survey questions for structured interviewing and self competition questionnaires.(Bryman, 2001). The use of qualitative methods would generate information on individual views and opinions and quantitative to facilitate theory testing. The issues of reliability and generability of qualitative research findings can be overcome through the use of quantitative research at the same time. Method-qualitative This was felt to be appropriate to the research strategy, as in depth understanding of a number of small businesses in Greece would be obtained. It would also enable the understanding of managers views and opinions of the implications of relationship marketing strategies. Interviews are the most appropriate method as they are insightful and able to focus on the relationship between marketing and small businesses. The disadvantage is the bias associated with poor questions, not objective interpretation of results and also time consuming. Interview Design The types of interviews to be used are in-depth, face to face as a natural conversation and personal contact can be achieved. They allow exploration, probing of interviewee and story-telling to generate theory. To achieve an equivalence of stimulus the same types of topics will be asked to all participants. The researcher will make sure that the interviewee understands any theoretical concepts used. The final questions will be formed after the literature review. Relevant information on the themes of the interview will be supplied to participants before interviews so they are able to gather appropriate information. This also helps to promote validity and reliability. (Saunders et al., 2000) Data processing and analysis Categorization of the themes and sub themes will be developed when reading the data to identify relationships and patterns. Categories are then named using existing theory and parameters will be implemented so no confusion of what is included. The categories will be analyzed to see how they fit together. Unitizing then takes place when the data is assigned to a category through the dissection of the transcripts. Hypotheses will be developed and tested to identify relationships between categories (Saunders et al., 2000). Method-Quantitative The most appropriate method is a survey. It will allow the collection of a large amount of data from a sizeable population in a highly economically way.(Saunders et al., 2000) It is used to describe population characteristics and to test practices on small business relationship marketing. Other quantitative methods are incompatible with the nature of research and are not selected. The data collection tools consists of questionnaire, structured observation and structured interviews. In using a questionnaire the data is in a standardized form and comparison can be made easily and quickly. Structured interviews and observations were not selected as it was felt that in depth interviews would generate richer information on the topic. Sample The questionnaires will be sent by post to the remaining business from the sample. Questionnaire Design In designing the questionnaire, time will be spent planing, collecting and analyzing the data required, as you are unable to use prompts to explore further and have only one chance to collect the data. Self-completion questionnaires will be used, as they are inexpensive. As the questionnaire is completed independently the answers will not be contaminated or affected by other peoples opinions. The owners of small businesses are unlikely to have assistants so it is felt that they will fill it in themselves. A disadvantage of a postal survey it is low response rates and incomplete data. This can be solved by attaching a covering letter to the questionnaire explaining the purpose of the study will maximize response rates and the importance of completing it along with a pre paid envelope. The questionnaire is designed with an attractive layout, clear instructions and a minimum number of questions. A reminder will be posted one week after the questionnaire to the sample. Data processing and analysis The closed questions will be coded at the design stage. Open questions will be grouped into categories and coded once the questionnaires have been received. A unique identification number will be assigned to each questionnaire to help when checking for errors after inserting data. The computer programme SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) will be used to process and analyze the data. The data is manually keyed and stored in the SPSS worksheet. The advantage is that data can be input quickly with few errors. In using the commands available statistical tests can be carried out easily and quickly. (Tukey, 1997). emphasizes the use of diagrams to explore and understand your data. (Saunders et al., 2000). The results can then be presented in the form of tables and graphs appropriate to the research questions. Ethical issues As an external researcher the main weakness is how to gain access to small business, as it could be difficult to negotiate and time consuming. To overcome this the selected businesses will be contacted by telephone and informed of the study and its purpose allowing them to agree to take part in the questionnaire and interviews. Managers will be informed of the value and credibility of the research. The goodwill of the organizations in allowing access will be relied on. A consent form will be constricted and signed by all those participating. All information will be anonymous, as the study does not need to name participants. Appropriate data protection principles will be put in place to maintain confidentiality and privacy. Due to the anonymous nature of questionnaire unique identification numbers will not be used.

What Your Job Interviewer is Really Asking

What Your Job Interviewer is Really Asking If you’ve been to enough job interviews, you’ve probably been asked  questions like â€Å"what is your biggest weakness?† or â€Å"why do you want to work for us?† on more than one occasion. These questions are very common in an interview but job seekers are never quite sure what the interviewer is really looking for. Do they really want to know that we have an unhealthy obsession with chocolate or that the only reason we’re looking to work for them is so that we can pay the bills? Why do they ask these questions when they can’t possible expect a 100% honest answer? The answer is simple and the folks at  WiseCareers  have deconstructed 9 of the most common interview questions in order  to show us what the interviewer is really looking for.  As it turns out, interviewers do not expect us to answer 100% honestly. What they’re really looking to do is dissect and analyze our answers in order to obtain the hidden meaning. Check ou t the infographic below:Also make sure to review these 6 hardest interview questions to get yourself ready for the interview.

Siege of Fort Wayne in War of 1812

Siege of Fort Wayne in War of 1812 Siege of Fort Wayne - Conflict Date: The Siege of Fort Wayne was fought September 5-12, 1812, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Armies Commanders Native Americans Chief WinamacChief Five Medals500 men United States Captain James RheaLieutenant Philip OstanderMajor General William Henry HarrisonGarrison: 100 men, Relief Force: 2,200 men Siege of Fort Wayne - Background: In the years after the American Revolution, the United States encountered increasing resistance from the Native American tribes in the Northwest Territory. These tensions initially manifested themselves in the Northwest Indian War which saw American troops badly defeated at the Wabash before Major General Anthony Wayne won a decisive victory at Fallen Timbers in 1794. As American settlers pushed west, Ohio entered the Union and the point of conflict began to shift to the Indiana Territory. Following the Treaty of Fort Wayne in 1809, which transferred title of 3,000,000 acres in present-day Indiana and Illinois from the Native Americans to the United States, the Shawnee leader Tecumseh began agitating the regions tribes to block the documents implementation. These efforts culminated with a military campaign which saw the territorys governor, William Henry Harrison, defeat the Native Americans at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Siege of Fort Wayne - The Situation: With the beginning of the War of 1812 in June 1812, Native American forces began attacking American frontier installations in support of British efforts to the north. In July, Fort Michilimackinac fell and on August 15 the garrison of Fort Dearborn was massacred as it attempted to evacuate the post. The following day, Major General Isaac Brock compelled Brigadier General William Hull to surrender Detroit. To the southwest, the commander at Fort Wayne, Captain James Rhea, learned of Fort Dearborns loss on August 26 when a survivor of the massacre, Corporal Walter Jordan, arrived. Though a significant outpost, Fort Waynes fortifications has been allowed to deteriorate during Rheas command. Two days after Jordans arrival, a local trader, Stephen Johnston, was killed near the fort. Worried about the situation, efforts began to evacuate women and children east to Ohio under the guidance of Shawnee scout Captain Logan. As September commenced, a large number of Miamis and Potawatomis began arriving at Fort Wayne under the leadership of Chiefs Winamac and Five Medals. Concerned about this development, Rhea requested aid from Ohio Governor Return Meigs and Indian Agent John Johnston. Increasingly unable to cope with the situation, Rhea began drinking heavily. In this state, he met with the two chiefs on September 4 and was informed that other frontier posts had fallen and the Fort Wayne would be next. Siege of Fort Wayne - Fighting Begins: The next morning, Winamac and Five Medals initiated hostilities when their warriors attacked two of Rheas men. This was followed by an assault on the east side of the fort. Though this was repulsed, the Native Americans began burning the adjacent village and constructed two wooden cannon in an effort to trick the defenders into believing they had artillery. Stilling drinking, Rhea retired to his quarters claiming illness. As a result, the defense of the fort fell to Indian Agent Benjamin Stickney and Lieutenants Daniel Curtis and Philip Ostander. That evening, Winamac approached the fort and was admitted to parley. During the meeting he drew a knife with the intention of killing Stickney. Prevented from doing so, he was expelled from the fort. Around 8:00 PM, the Native Americans renewed their efforts against Fort Waynes walls. Fighting continued through the night with the Native Americans making unsuccessful efforts to set the forts walls on fire. Around 3:00 PM the next day, Winama c and Five Medals briefly withdrew. The pause proved brief and new attacks commenced after dark. Siege of Fort Wayne - Relief Efforts: Having learned of the defeats along the frontier, the Governor of Kentucky, Charles Scott, appointed Harrison a major general in the state militia and directed him to take men to reinforce Fort Wayne. This action was taken despite the fact that Brigadier General James Winchester, commander of the Army of the Northwest, technically was in charge of military efforts in the region. Dispatching a letter of apology to Secretary of War William Eustis, Harrison began moving north with around 2,200 men. Advancing, Harrison learned that fighting at Fort Wayne had begun and dispatched a scouting party led by William Oliver and Captain Logan to assess the situation. Racing through the Native American lines, they reached the fort and informed the defenders that help was coming. After meeting with Stickney and the lieutenants, they escaped and reported back to Harrison. Though pleased that the fort was holding, Harrison grew concerned when he received reports that Tecumseh was leading a mixed force of over 500 Native American and British troops towards Fort Wayne. Driving his men forward, he reached the St. Marys River on September 8 where he was reinforced by 800 militiamen from Ohio. With Harrison approaching, Winamac mounted a final assault against the fort on September 11. Taking heavy losses, he broke off the attack the next day and directed his warriors to retreat back across the Maumee River. Pushing on, Harrison reached the fort later in the day and relieved the garrison. Siege of Fort Wayne - Aftermath: Taking control, Harrison arrested Rhea and placed Ostander in command of the fort. Two days later, he began directing elements of his command to conduct punitive raids against Native American villages in the region. Operating from Fort Wayne, troops burned Forks of the Wabash as well as Five Medals Village. Shortly thereafter, Winchester arrived at Fort Wayne and relieved Harrison. This situation was quickly reversed on September 17 when Harrison was appointed a major general in the US Army and given command of the Army of the Northwest. Harrison would remain in this post for much of the war and would later win a decisive victory at the Battle of the Thames in October 1813. The successful defense of Fort Wayne, as well as the triumph at the Battle of Fort Harrison to the southwest, halted the string of British and Native American victories on the frontier. Defeated at the two forts, the Native Americans reduced their attacks on settlers in the region. Selected Sources Historic Fort Wayne: The SiegeHMDB: The Siege of Fort Wayne

Speluncean Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speluncean Paper - Essay Example Chief justice Truepenny made a ruling that found the accused guilty of murder, which she supposed that it was in accordance with the Commonwealth law. However, I do not agree with the opinion of proposing the course of action to the Executive. The rationale for such a statement is that her presumptions had a considerable influence on the case and the ruling. Such a statement also implies that the chief justice hindered the independence of the executive through the imposition of his mind. As such, there is a conclusion that the ruling must have been biased because there is no element of the collaboration of the jury (Hockett 2013). Justice Foster ruled that the plaintiff was innocent after an interpretation of the loopholes of the Commonwealth law. For instance, in his ruling, the judge claimed that the case was under the guidance of the law of nature, which meant that the accused did not commit murder. He assumed the weakness of the law and interpreted it to the rest, which made his judgment a possible source of other related crimes. He made a mistake in quoting a number of cases that explored the weaknesses of the law to make rules of the nature that he made concerning the case. The third ruling involved Justice Handy, who considered opinions polls from the public to make sympathy judgments. The judge applied only a little component of the law in making his decision almost unlawful. The approach he took to consider the opinions of the public was not wrong, but choosing to incline his ruling to sympathy diluted justice according to the law. The accused found themselves innocent because the pubic thought so and influenced the opinion of the judge. Justice keen’s ruling should have had the fairest legal touch should he have considered the nature of their decision. For this case, the judge ruled in accordance with what the law of the land

Cost and Benefits of Inward Labour Migration to the United Kingdom Essay

Cost and Benefits of Inward Labour Migration to the United Kingdom - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the native population becomes hostile because they have to compete for the minimal jobs opportunities with the immigrants. In addition, an increase of immigrants leads to a restrained growth of labor cost. As for the current policy towards labor migration in the UK, it was noted that currently these police aim at discouraging labor migration to the UK, and so far the policies have been able to decrease the number of net migration to the UK. Firstly, Hatton and Tani defined immigration as the process of going to live in a foreign country permanently. Secondly, immigrants are persons who go to live permanently in a foreign country. It is of an essence to acknowledge that there are cases of illegal immigration in the United Kingdom and the European region at large, but this present study will mainly ignore the existence of illegal immigrants in the UK. Greenaway and Nelson stated that inward labor migration to the United Kingdom has been facilitated by global ization, which encourages the movement of labor from one region to another. In particular, as of 2010, immigrants in the UK made up ten percent of the entire UK population and currently, the number of international immigrants to the UK stands at 250,000. The Institute for Public Policy Research noted that the UK authorities try to control immigration into the country using a Point Based System that rationalizes the control of immigration. The system has five tiers that include highly qualified personnel, skilled personnel with job offers in the UK, students, and temporary employees. However, the tier for less qualified personnel was recently suspended. It is crucial to note that immigrants are motivated to migrate to foreign countries mainly because of prospects or possibilities of getting high paying jobs, and favorable tax and welfare systems in the foreign countries. Secondly, immigrants are motivated to migrate into foreign countries because of non-financial reasons that include better living standards in the foreign country, opportunities to study in the foreign countries, or an opportunity to rejoin other family members residing in the foreign countries

A Review of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay Example for Free

A Review of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay In all honesty, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge was a bit confusing to read. It was not only confusing, but the ending was a surprise to the reader. In the story, we got to see many different aspects of the life of Peyton Farquhar. This story shows the difference that times were back then compared to now. In today’s would, a man would not be hung, let alone executed for tampering with a bridge. I also liked the part in the story of the betrayal of the soldier that appeared to be in the confederate army. This showed that Farquhar was gullible and would do anything to get involved in the army, since he was not able to fight in it. At the end of the story, I was very surprised in finding out that Farquhar was really dead and his escape was just a figment of his imagination. The escape that he had watched in his mind showed how eager Farquhar was to get back to his home and his family. I enjoyed the narrative style the story was written/told in. I thought that since the story was split into three different sections, it was easier to read, and all around understand. The narrator made the beginning of the story suspenseful because the reader wants to know why Farquhar was going to be executed. This technique wants us to keep reading on to find out the terrible thing that Farquhar did. In the middle of the story, we learn the reason he was to be executed was because he tampered with the confederate bridge, thinking it was going to help them. The narrator did a good job of explaining what Farquhar was like and gave the readers a good mental picture of the situation he was in on the bridge. There are several possible themes that could go along with this story. The specific theme that I would choose for this story would be the difference between reality and fantasy. The difference between reality and fantasy go hand-in-hand throughout this story. It is not until the end of the story that we see the difference of them in Farquhar’s life. When Farquhar describes his escape, we believe that this is really happening. Farquhar describes his escape in a lot of detail and talks about his desire to be back with his family and back at home. The difference between reality and fantasy also is seen with the soldier that pretends to be a Confederate. Farquhar believes that the soldier is a Confederate, therefore plans the hurting of the bridge. This ends up being the illusion that leads him to his execution. This illusion of the soldier caused Farquhar to damage the bridge was the reason of his demise. This story did a great job of making you ask yourself, â€Å"what just happened† after reading the last few sentences. The narrators’ creation of Farquhar’s escape confused the reader, yet made it more interesting in the greater scheme of the story.

Kenneth Fearing’s Dirge Essay -- Kenneth Fearing Dirge Essays

Kenneth Fearing’s Dirge Traditionally, dirges are composed in the form of a song or hymn of mourning as a memorial to a dead person. The very definition suggests that the particular qualities of the dead individual deserve recognition. The dirge is not just written for anyone, but for those deserving of glorification, who survive in the memories of the living as testaments to the greater capacities of humankind. It is against this traditional definition that Kenneth Fearing’s poem, â€Å"Dirge†, is working, not only as an overt commentary on the social, cultural, and political factors surrounding the destabilization of 1930’s America but also as an abstraction of the prevalent views of reality: the dehumanization of the human. Fearing superimposes these thematic projects onto the context of the Great Depression, a period of American history often seen as representing overarching society decline, the dull malaise of futility, and the alienation of the individual. Through an exploration o f the structural elements of â€Å"Dirge†, one can find just how Fearing constructs a particular vision of modernism. As a prelude to an inquiry into thematic elements of the poem, it is first necessary to draw out the importance of Fearing’s use of experimental form. Fearing â€Å"adheres† to the conventional use of strophic poetic construction, making use of epigrammatic style, where the seven stanzas separate the lament into isolated combinations and experiments on language and the content suggests each might stand alone as organic entities. Putting these highly-varied units into a single poem reflects on the incoherence of broader theme of death and the response to death, the dirge, as well as the notion that such a broad topic as death contains many sma... ..., the content and form has self-deconstructed, resulting in a meaningless reduction/manifestation of repetition. The primary focus of the poem on the death and memory of a man has been sacrificed, leaving only the skeletal membrane of any sort of focus in the poem. The â€Å"Dirge† which initially was meant to reflect on the life of the individual has been completely abstracted. The â€Å"Dirge† the reader is left with at the end of the poem is one meant for anyone and no one. Just as the internal contradictions in Kenneth Fearing’s poem have eliminated the substantial significance of each isolated concern, the reader is left without not only a resolution, but any particular tangible meaning at all. The form and content of this poem have quite effectively established a powerful modernist statement, ironically contingent on the absence and not the presence of meaning in life.

Mock meeting

IMO or other proper name which is convenience for you to pronounce. I am the only one son at mine family , mine father was a businessman and mine mother was a housewife. I have pass mine primary school at S. R. J. K. C AND secondary school in S. M. K Amelia. Basically, I quite active during mine secondary school , for example , I have represent mine school as a badminton player at MRS. Amelia and I also represent mine school in the BBS competition, and I get second on that particular competition as well.As a result , I get a very good comment from mine secondary school as well. As you information which I have mention in mine resume, I am a fresh graduate from MUM Amelia with the course Bachelor of Business Administration Honor Marketing Management last year. During the internship , I have learn more Clearly about marketing which we can't learn on the textbook . I have a real experience on that during mine internship at . Overall I have several strengthen and weakness which I would l ike to addressed (a,b)(a,b). Whatever I am a fresh graduate but I have some working experience which is I have been work as promoter for White COFFEE for SuperFor around a year during mine weekend holiday. ‘ have been award winning customer satisfaction and interpersonal skills during mine part time work . You can refer at the resume which have submitted as well . Furthermore , I could speak fluently in Hookier , Japanese and Korean . 1 am can speak well In Bases Malaysia , English and Chinese as well . Moreover , I am able to using the basic computer operating system Microsoft Office and Window 7 , even Window 8. Now, I also taking night course for UBS control system at Sinai College . Just Like what the phrases mention , study never stop or effecting by any of the factor .

American History Research Paper

Barbados – Barbados is an important part of the American history since it was an area where many sugar cane plantations where located. We all know that way back in the 17th century, large plantations like these were required a lot of workers. The manual labor came from the slaves from different tribes in Africa. Another concern was the displacement of farmers when British settlers developed the area into a commercial enterprise of large plantation estates. These displaced farmers relocated to British colonies in North America, most notable of which is South Carolina.West Africa – West Africa played an important role in the American history because this is the place where slave trades began, following the establishment of settlements by Portuguese traders. The slave trades had great negative effects on the region’s economy and population. Because of these slave trades, the population of West Africans poured in the New World. This increased the number of people liv ing in European and American regions during the 16th and the 17th century.Despite the efforts of the European and American governments to stop the slave trades, it continued until the late 19th century where the last country to abolish it was Brazil. Virginia Company – The Virginia Company is an important part of the American history because it was chartered to establish settlements on the coasts of North America. This is divided into two companies, the Virginia Company of London and the Virginia Company of Plymouth. These two companies are both given differing territories, wherein an area of overlapping territory was created.They were not permitted to establish colonies within a hundred mile separation, but the Plymouth Company wasn’t able to fulfill its charter. Its territory, now known as New England was also contested by France as theirs. Thomas Jefferson – Thomas Jefferson is famous because he’s the third President of the United States of America and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. He also promoted the ideals of Republicanism in the country, making him one of the most influential founding fathers of the United States.But his achievements weren’t limited to his contribution to American Independence. He is the President which gave a go to the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition. These events were very important since it expanded the nation’s territories by acquiring more land through expeditions and sales. The Louisiana Purchase encompassed parts of 15 current U. S. states as well as two provinces of Canada. The Church of England – The Church of England, also known as the Anglican Church and the Protestant Episcopal Church of today, was one of the major churches during the early years of America.It has a great number of followings, yet it wasn’t given relative treatment from many historians. The attention was given to the Puritans, those who rejected the Refor mation of the Church of England. Many of these Puritans migrated to North America between 1620s and 1640s because of their belief that the Church of England can never be reformed from the state it was in during that time. These Puritans settled in the New England area and established settlements there. Iroquois – The Iroquois is a group of originally five nations, including the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.The sixth member is the Tuscarora, who joined after the original five were formed. During the American Revolution, there has been the first major split of the Iroquois, when the Tuscarora and the Oneida sided with the Americans. On the other hand, the Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga and Cayuga remained loyal to the side of Great Britain. Massachusetts Bay Company – The Massachusetts Bay Company is an English chartered company which established the Massachusetts Bay colony in New England. They became the only English chartered colony which is not under the di rect control of those in England.Despite all efforts by the Council for New England to annul the colony’s land claim, the colony remained in tact and the council was left unsuccessful. Pocahontas – Pocahontas was a Native American woman who is formally named Matoaka and Amonute. She was the daughter of Wahunsunacock or the Chief Powhatan, the ruler of almost all the neighboring tribes found in the Tidewater region of Virginia. She played an important role in American history because she was married to John Rolfe, an Englishman.Their marriage is one of the first unions of a Native American and a settler just like Rolfe. She was baptized Rebecca Rolfe on her marriage. Powhatan – The Powhatan is the Native American tribe and confederacy of tribes living in what is now the east area of Virginia during the time of the first European-Native encounters there. This confederacy of neighboring tribes became established in the late 16th and 17th century, through the creati on of a mighty empire by conquering or affiliating with around 30 other tribes. This was spearheaded by a tribal chief name Wahunsunacock.When the English settlers came, there were a lot of conflicts between these Natives and the settlers. When the tribal head died and was succeeded by his brother, more conflicts emerged resulting to the Indian Massacre of 1622 and 1636, nearly exterminating the members of the tribes. Slave codes – The slave codes were laws made by each state which defines the status of slaves and the rights of their owners or masters. This is usually for the benefit of the masters, giving them near-absolute power over the right of these slaves or human properties.This is an important part of the American history since it showed how the early people were into owning other humans as tools, which also awakened others to fight for the freedom and rights of these â€Å"human properties†. Reformation – The Reformation is the religious movements that arise in the Western Europe in the 16th Century. This movement calls for the internal renewal of the Catholic Church. These led to great revolts and the abandonment of the principal Christian beliefs during that time.This was the result of Martin Luther’s activities in 1517. Indentured servant – The indentured servant is a term pertaining to a laborer which is under contract of an employer for a period of time, usually four to seven years. This is in exchange for a ship’s passage, food, land as well as accommodations. This is a way to increase the number of colonists living in a settlement. In the case of America, most indentured servants were recruited from the increasing number of poor people without work in the urban areas of England.English Reformation-Henry VIII – One of the reasons for the reformation of the English church was because of King Henry VIII. This resulted from his desire for annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so that he wi ll be able to marry Anne Boleyn. When the Pope Clement VII refused to annul the marriage, Henry took the position of Supreme Head of the Church of England in order to annul his marriage. He was excommunicated but maintained a strong preference for the traditional Catholic practices.John Calvin and Martin Luther – John Calvin and Martin Luther are both church reformers, who sought change in the Catholic Church during their times. John Calvin developed his own system of Christian theology which was called Calvinism or the Reformed Theology. On the other hand, Martin Luther laid out his ideologies which challenged the authority of the pope. He pointed that salvation can be attained through Jesus, without the mediation from the Church. His ideas became the inspiration of what transpired to be the Protestant Reformation, thus changing the course of the Western civilization.

Importances of Effective Communication Essay Example

Importances of Effective Communication Essay Example Importances of Effective Communication Essay Importances of Effective Communication Essay pTHE IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMINUCATION DEFINATION:- 1)Communication is a Process by which some thoughts, fleeings ideas (i. e. information) are Conveyed by One Individual to another Individual or by One Individual to a Group or by One group to another group In such a manner that there is Reception, Understanding, and Feedback. Petter Little 2)â€Å"Human Communication is sending Meaningful Messages from one Person to Another† Denis Mc Quail Introduction to Communication:- Communication is an essential part of Human Interaction. The benefits of effective communication are many and obvious as they enhance all aspects of our personal and professional lives. Ineffective or misunderstood communications in our personal lives may give rise to problems. IMP OF COMMUNICATION IN OUR TO DAY PERSONAL/SOCIAL LIFE:- A)Communication is a personal Asset. B)It is very usefull and essential in every walk of life. C)In spite of computers and other modern machine of communication. The ability to communicate effectively is a valueable skill. If we use communication properly. D)It will be a blessing. E)Communication will make our life happy and meaningful. However, if we don’t use communication carefully then A)It will become a curse, and B)Make our life Miserable. IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION:- Although used in a slightly different context, a phrase from some British propaganda during WWII neatly sums up the dangers of ineffective communications: ‘Careless talk costs lives’. That may be over-dramatic in most cases where communications between seafarers or between ship and shore go awry but it does illustrate the importance of effective communications and the real dangers if they go badly wrong. A)There are 2 stages and 5 factors of communication. B)Communication Cycle, C)Communication Situation, and D)Communication Gap. Stages are of types i. e. Sender and Receiver. The Factors for Sender are proper channel, Message Encoding. And The Factors for Receiver are Decoding Feedback. Conclusion Effective communications are an essential ingredient to safe and efficient ship operations. Communication can be achieved in many ways but the prime method for operational communications is through speech.

Word Choice Inalienable vs. Unalienable (An Independence Day Special)

Word Choice Inalienable vs. Unalienable (An Independence Day Special) Word Choice: Inalienable vs. Unalienable (An Independence Day Special) Happy Independence Day! To celebrate, we’re looking at a controversy related to the founding of the United States: the word â€Å"unalienable,† which appears in the Declaration of Independence. This isn’t a spelling we really use anymore, though, with â€Å"inalienable† much more common. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. So what is the difference between these terms? Why does the Declaration of Independence use â€Å"unalienable†? And when should you use each spelling? The Meaning of Inalienable and Unalienable First, let’s look at the difference in meaning between these words There isn’t one. Nada. Zilch. No difference at all. â€Å"Inalienable† and â€Å"unalienable† both mean â€Å"can’t be taken away.† So whether we speak of â€Å"inalienable rights† or â€Å"unalienable rights,† we mean rights that can’t be denied. In practice, then, the only difference is that â€Å"inalienable† is now much more common. Different Drafts, Different Spellings So, why does the Declaration of Independence use â€Å"unalienable†? Spelling variants were common at the time, and â€Å"unalienable† was the most common version of this term at the time. It also enjoyed a spike in popularity after the Declaration of Independence was signed. But since the mid-nineteenth century, â€Å"inalienable† has been the standard spelling. Unalienable vs. Inalienable Oddly, though, this controversy could have been avoided. This is because the spelling â€Å"inalienable† appears in other drafts of the Declaration of Independence, including Thomas Jefferson’s original draft. It was only when John Adams made a copy in his own handwriting that â€Å"unalienable† first appeared. And it was used in the final version, kick-starting a spelling debate that survives to the current day. A Tale of Two Prefixes: Un- vs. In- Why, then, has â€Å"inalienable† won out? In terms of meaning, the prefixes un- and in- are both negations. As such, they go before a word to cancel it out or suggest its opposite. The opposite of â€Å"happy,† for example, is â€Å"unhappy.† And the opposite of â€Å"elegant† is â€Å"inelegant.† The same is true with unalienable and inalienable. But the word â€Å"alien† comes to us from Latin. And while the prefix in- also has Latin roots, un- comes from German. Nineteenth-century linguists therefore decided than in- was the better prefix for â€Å"alienable.† And since then it has stuck. Or it has in most circumstances. Even these days, when people are writing about the Declaration of Independence, many prefer the spelling â€Å"unalienable.† So this mixture of a German prefix and a Latin word stem has a place in American English even today. Summary: Inalienable or Unalienable? As set out above, both of these words mean â€Å"can’t be taken away.† However, each spelling has its own place in modern English: Inalienable is the standard spelling of this term in most contexts. Unalienable is a rare variant of â€Å"inalienable,† but you can use it when quoting from or discussing the Declaration of Independence. Hopefully, this has settled some of your Independence Day spelling questions. But if you need any more help with your writing, feel free to send us a document for proofreading today.

The Main Contemporary Issues in Catholic Schools Essay

The Main Contemporary Issues in Catholic Schools - Essay Example Birth Control and Contraception Everybody around the world has had of the teaching that lay emphasis on birth control and the use of contraceptives. The teachings in catholic schools are different as people are expected to shun the use of birth controls. The move against contraception did not start recently as in 1968, the catholic community was warned against contraception through the letter of Pope Paul IV titled Humanae Vitae, which is the Latin expression of Human life. The letter implied that the Christians should follow the teachings of the church that constantly denounce contraceptives as it is intrinsically wrong since it is a tool which prevents a new human life from coming to existence. The letter clearly terms contraception to be "Any action which, either in anticipation of the conjugal act [sexual intercourse], or in its accomplishment, or in the development of its natural consequences, proposes, whether as an end or as a means, to render procreation impossible" (Humanae Vitae 14) (D'Orsa, 2008). When it talks of contraception, nothing is left out, as all the methods are included. They include condoms and other barrier methods, sterilization, spermicides, pills and coitus interruptus which is referred to as withdrawal method. In other cases, the Protestants conjured with the Catholics in the fight against contraceptives. However, they changed their belief after 1930 Lambeth Conference where they indicated that at some point the use of contraceptives was necessary. This was after the social pressure, which was growing amongst its members and the public, swayed them. It was not long before they decided to consent to the use of contraceptive in form of birth control all over... This report approves that this approach has usually been implemented with the intention of having results at the end of the studies. This is because there are certain students who have a catholic background and is interested in being at the school while there are those that are just interested in being in the school. This approach is used during the selection of students joining the school, as the administration will look at the students who would be productive to the catholic school. This essay makes a conclusion that the concept perpetrated by the catholic curriculum shows that it is an importance it has in the community as it is sometimes used in referring to the truth the people arte expected to adhere to. However, this is an ideology, which is propagated to individual communities so that they would interpret it in their own way then practices it as they prefer. This is an application which is rendered to different people with regard to their ages and culture. It is for this reason that some of the practices initiated by Catholics are sometimes given room for negotiation so that it would suit individuals. This is the phrase used in contextualization of rules expected to be followed but some aspects are ignored. In layman’s language, this is the term used when making sense of truth in accordance to the changing times, cultural evolvement and changing of messages to suit the people. This means that in this modern time, the curriculum has been changed to s uit that the people in this era. This is something that is not new to the catholic community, as it has always been done in order to favor the individuals at that particular moment.

Sleep and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sleep and Culture - Essay Example This study will guide the readers to understand how factors such as the environment and culture affect the sleeping pattern of a person. Keywords: sleeping pattern, environment, culture Sleep and Culture 2 Sleep and Culture Sleep is an essential activity of our body. The function of sleep has a significant effect in our body. One function of sleep is to repair and to restore both body and brain because during the waking life, our body and brain â€Å"produce wear and tear on the body and some mind/brain down time (Nairne, 2003)† and this can be fixed during sleeping. Another function of sleep is that it increases our survival value. It was believed that â€Å"sleep is an adaptive response to changing environmental condition, a form of behavior that is useful because it increases the chance to survive (Nairne, 2003)†. However, every person has his own sleeping pattern or practice. It is due to the factors such as the environment and culture that affects the sleeping patt ern of a person. The sleeping pattern is incorporated on our biological clock that is influenced by the environment (day and night, climate, lifestyle).

Article Review (advertising) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Article Review (advertising) - Essay Example There are advertisements on the streets, on magazines, newspapers, debit or credit cards, televisions and radio stations, wall, buses, train stations, and all sorts of media forms. With this amount of advertisements, people are almost immune to their intended effect (Poynor, 2006). This paper aims to demonstrate that when people see the advertisements repeatedly, they get used to them, and become disinterested. Some of them may see the advertisements and assume they were intended for them to buy the product. Consumers get irritated and may no longer want to look at the adverts. Other consumers are now used to the advertisements, that they no longer consider them important. Take an example of an ATM card that a consumer uses for various purposes. The adverts printed on the card, like the brand names and logos, are expected to remind the customer, and entice others. These prints in the cards are no longer recognized, and consumers generalize such cards as either debit or credit cards, without much consideration of the brands, companies and difference in services (Poynor, 2006). The aim of advertisement has lost meaning. This paper will show this through a description of the effect of too many advertisements that people are exposed to, as described in Poynor’s article. In order to show how the purpose of advertisement is lost, it is important to know the purpose of an advertisement. There are various purposes of advertisements. The common aim, however, is to inform the consumer about a service or a product, so that the consumer can purchase the product. This contributes to increased sales. Advertisements do more than just informing the consumer. Advertisement can serve as a means of convincing the consumer to buy the product, a means of reminding the consumer that the product or service still exists, and a way of showing off what the company has got, and educating the consumers about the product or service. Parameswaran (2004) indicates that

Human Trafficking Modern Day Slavery Sociology Essay

Human Trafficking Modern Day Slavery Sociology Essay Fifty years ago, the abomination of slavery seemed like a thing of the past. But history has a way of repeating itself. Today, we find that human slavery is once again a sickening reality. At this moment, men, women and children are being trafficked and exploited all over the world. The Thirteenth Amendment did not abolish slavery completely, in fact, human trafficking is now the modern day slavery and is a problem in countries all over the world. Sex trafficking, illegal child labor, and illegal immigrant trafficking are all examples of human trafficking. A global underground problem, it is not only happening in the third world countries but civilized countries as well. Very seldom do victims of trafficking ever escape the vicious crime and many end up in dead or with diseases. Human Trafficking: Modern Day Slavery What is Trafficking? Every year, millions of people are trafficked into the modern-day equivalent of slavery. They are secretly transported across borders and sold like commodities, or trafficked within their countries for the sole purpose of exploitation. It is a crime that violates the basic human rights of victims. (What is Trafficking, 2010). Trafficking in persons means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. (What is human trafficking?, 2010). What does trafficking involve? Trafficking involves forcible movement of a person from one place to another and forcible utilization of their services with the intention of inducting them into trade for commercial gains. The word forcible means that the action is against the persons will or that consensus has been obtained by making deceptive claims and false allurements. In some cases, consensus is obtained because of the victims social conditioning, where the victim is not even aware that s/he is being exploited. (What is human trafficking?, 2010). Trafficking in persons include but are not limited to sex trafficking, child labor, and immigrant labor. Why People Fall Victim International trafficking is not limited to poor and undeveloped areas of the world-it is a problem in virtually every region of the globe. Countries with large (often legal) sex industries create the demand for trafficked women, while Countries where traffickers can easily recruit provide the supply. Generally, economically depressed countries provide the easiest recruitment for traffickers. In such nations, women are often eager to leave the country in search of better employment opportunities. Traffickers exploit this fact and often trick victims into thinking they will be going abroad to work as nannies or models. Sex Trafficking Sex trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery and its victims are majority women and girls, but can also be men or boys. Sex trafficking victims are induced to perform commercial sex by force, fraud, or coercions and theyre also lured into this situation because theyre promised a good job in another country, a false marriage proposal turned into a bondage situation, being sold into the sex trade by parents, husbands, boyfriends, or being kidnapped by traffickers. Types of Sex Trafficking have different forms of commercial sexual operations such as prostitution, pornography, stripping, live-sex shows, mail-order brides, military prostitution and sex tourism. (Rescue and Restore ). Trafficking of women is a transnational industry that generates billions of dollars. Although men, women and children are all victims of trafficking, it is a crime that disproportionately affects women and girls who make up approximately 80% of those trafficked transnationally, the majority of whom are tr afficked into commercial sexual exploitation Child Labor There are millions of children whose labor can be considered forced, not only because they are too young to choose to work, but also because they are, in fact, actively coerced into working. These include child bonded laborers children whose labor is pledged by parents as payment or collateral on a debt as well as children who are kidnapped or otherwise lured away from their families and imprisoned in sweatshops or brothels. In addition, millions of children around the world work unseen in domestic service given or sold at a very early age to another family. Forced child labor is found primarily in informal, unregulated or illegal sectors of the economy. It is most common among the economically vulnerable and least educated members of society such as minority ethnic or religious groups or the lowest classes or castes. (Forced and Bonded Child Labor, 2010) Children are especially vulnerable to exploitation because their lack of maturity makes them easy to deceive and ensures that they have little, if any, knowledge of their rights. Immigrant Smuggling Much like sex trafficking and child labor, the majority of people smuggled are immigrants and non-residents to the county they are being smuggled into. People are promised a good job with good pay with room and board provided. They fall for the trap and answer to the ad without knowing it is a trick. When they are brought to the place, traffickers already stole the immigrants passports and everything they own, making it impossible for the immigrants to go back home. Instead of the good job and pay they were promised, they end up working 12+ hour shifts, with basically no pay, and have bad living conditions. Men have been overlooked as potential victims of trafficking. Even when signs of exploitation that would sound alarms with women such as confiscation of travel documents are clear, immigration officers or assistance groups often classify men as migrant workers and send them on their way. In addition, men often dont want to admit that they were trafficked because this signifies w eakness or failure. (Cardais, 2009) Recruitment Tactics Traffickers used a variety of means to draw girls into the sex trade. The four key tactics of sex trafficking identified include: employment-induced migration via a broker; deception, through false marriage; visits offer; and force, through abduction. The majority of respondents (55%) were trafficked through false job promises. (Simkhada, 2008) Trafficking In Nepal Many girls involved in sex work do so because they are compelled by economic circumstances and social inequality. Some enter sex work voluntarily; others do so by force or deception, sometimes involving migration across international borders. Nepalese girls trafficked from Nepal to India are typically unmarried, illiterate and very young. Key routes to sex trafficking include employment-induced migration to urban areas, deception (through false marriage or visits) and abduction. Young girls who have been trafficked for sex work are a hidden population, largely due to its illegal nature. Employers of trafficked girls may keep them hidden from public view and limit contacts with outsiders. Trafficked girls may not identify themselves as such through fear of reprisals from their employers, fear of social stigma from involvement in sex work or their HIV-positive status or from their activities being revealed to family members. (Simkhada, 2008). Enforcement in Nepal In Nepal, high-level decision makers, lawmakers and politicians at the local level are often accused of being the protector of the traffickers. Many commentators blame the lack of legal enforcement arguing that policies are sound in Nepal but not their implementation and that political commitment is required to implement public policies. Political leaders and higher authorities in bureaucracy are accused of releasing the arrested traffickers from custody and taking political and monetary benefits from them or having associations with brothel-keepers. If a slave is trapped in a form of bondage other than commercial sexual exploitation, he or she is highly unlikely to be freed through police intervention. Infections amongst Girls in Nepal South Asia is currently home to 2.5 million HIV infected persons, 95% of whom are from India. However, HIV seroprevalence in a subset of neighboring South Asian countries has rapidly increased in recent years, due in part to migration and human trafficking from these countries into India. Female sex workers, especially those who are victims of sex trafficking to India, are increasingly recognized as a major factor in Nepals growing HIV epidemic. HIV seroprevalence among female sex workers in Nepal rose 24-fold (from Trafficking in Russia Russia from small towns and rural areas to metropolitan areas, and into Russia from the former Soviet space to work on urban and rural building sites, in shops, and in the sex industry. As a low risk, high reward business, trafficking in people now rivals drug trafficking in its profitability in a globalised world. The lifting of many former restrictions on foreign travel from the former post-Soviet space, more permeable borders and the desire to migrate for work abroad provided a fertile legal, economic, social and attitudinal context in which traffickers, whether part of organized crime and large mafia rings or not, could take advantage of potential migrants, including children. When analyzing different patterns of trafficking, social scientists in Russia began to use the term torgovlya lyudmi (literally trade in people), which was also adopted by some journalists, and later treffiking, awkwardly imported from English. (Buckley, 2009) Interpretation in Moscow The group in Moscow thought that work in prostitution was one variant for women. Whereas some condemned it as negative, the male student lightheartedly commented if the girl is attractive . . . for an attractive girl it is easier. The electrician, however, warned that if a person goes to a modeling agency, when they show the clothes, it turns out to be a massage parlor. The barman added, in large towns, I literally saw this notice yesterday Girls are needed in a sauna. No work experience necessary-interesting, in principle. The barman gave another example: Lets say the girl is looking for work. She came to Moscow to enter an institute. She meets a young man. The young man already has several girls in such a profession and off she goes. When pressed by the moderator as to whether the girl received a wage, the student answered, naturally. Perhaps it is his business. Such girls are needed. It exists. The girl gets a percentage. There is a mass of variants. The older singer added the gir l needs money. If she needs money, it is very simple to become a drug dealer. Another interjected, that means finding such structures. The elderly economist in Moscow contributed another version: she could marry unhappily, whether formally or not, and could learn a lesson in life from that. He could get her to sign a work contract, as they usually do to enlist girls in such work. Her point was that social life and a partner could also lead to disastrous and unexpected work in prostitution. (Buckley, 2009) Asian Culture Asian culture, similar to many other cultures, subsequently socializes children to respect and obey parents and to contribute to the familys well-being. This can be seen with Asian children who were trafficked and repeatedly explained how they put themselves at risk for the sake of economic improvement for their families. Many of them felt it necessary to make sacrifices for the benefit of their families, therefore living up to the cultural value of filial piety. Some of the girls who were trafficked for commercial sex talked about their mixed reactions to their experiences. They didnt like what they were doing, but also felt that to not engage in commercial sex work would disappoint their families in terms of making a financial contribution and providing support. Some girls did not want to leave prostitution and return home because they hadnt saved enough money to return without shame or embarrassment about the lack of savings to contribute or send home. A Thai saying captures the c oncept of filial piety. That saying is: Repaying the breast milk. (Chung, 2009) Western takes on Asian Culture Western Asian female stereotypes constitute another factor that contributes to the abuse of power, since these stereotypes create the demand for Asian girls to be trafficked into commercial sex work. The Western stereotypes of Asian girls and women being subservient, obedient, hard working, submissive, passive, docile, shy, demure, softly spoken, eager to please, and exotic, all lead to the China doll, Suzy Wong, and geisha syndrome. These stereotypes increase the demand for Asian girls and subsequently trafficking into the sex industry. (Chung, 2009). Child Abductions in Haiti? The recent earthquake in Haiti left thousands of children homeless and orphaned. A group of ten American missionaries collected thirty-three children (some of whom had living parents) after the January earthquake. They were stopped as they attempted to return to the Dominican Republic, where they planned to establish an orphanage. Because the missionaries had neglected to get official permission to transport the children out of the country, Haitian authorities charged them with child abduction and jailed them. The prisoners families released a statement asking for leniency: We are pleading to the Haitian prime minister to focus his energies on the critical tasks ahead for the country and to forgive mistakes that were made by a group of Americans trying to assist Haitis children. The Americans intentions may have been pure. Human trafficking, however, is a grievous problem in Haiti, and protecting children from exploitation was a critical task for the government even before the earthquake plunged the country into chaos. There have been calls for Haiti to lift restrictions on international adoptions in light of the greater number of children now in need. On the New York Times Web site, journalist E. J. Graff noted the risks involved. If you were a child trafficker or adoption profiteer, she asked, wouldnt you pretend to be a humanitarian worker trying to save orphans? (Commonweal, 2010) Activist Somaly Mam Somaly Mam knows the harsh truth of the commercial sexual exploitation of children. For years she lived it from the inside. When she was 12, her grandfather sold her into the sex trade in Cambodia. In the ensuing decade she was traded through brothels across Southeast Asia where she suffered unimaginable horrors. She counts herself fortunate to have escaped death at the hands of entrepreneurial pimps and brothel keepers. But, unable to forget the faces of the girls she left behind, Mam decided to rescue them. Today, she fights child sex trafficking, sexual slavery, illegal confinement and sexual violence at home and abroad. (Olivera, 2010). Mam has won international acclaim and numerous awards for her activism. She has infiltrated brothels to save enslaved girls, engineering their escape and providing them with a safe refuge. She has, without hesitation, pressured the police to raid brothels in spite of the fact that the legal system in Southeast Asia often supports the criminals, n ot the victims. In 1997, Mam and her ex-husband founded AFESIP, an organization dedicated to rescuing, housing and rehabilitating women and children in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam who have been sexually exploited. (Olivera, 2010) U.S Takes on Trafficking The United States has taken steps to respond to this trafficking dilemma. Congress first voted on an antitrafficking act in 2000, then again in 2003 and 2005. The government has appropriated $528 million toward this effort. In December, the governments tools for combating trafficking were strengthened by the passage of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2008. On the international front, TVPRA establishes the Trafficking in Persons Report as a diplomatic tool to encourage foreign governments to increase efforts to refrain and fight against modern-day slavery. The annual publication will include reports on individual countries progress or lack thereof. The bill also contains provisions for penalizing countries that violate trafficking laws in an attempt to steer any traffickers. The passage of TVPRA was a big step forward for U.S. antitrafficking efforts overall. (Todd, 2009). Today virtually every credible antitrafficking organization -including UN agencies, NGOs and responsible governments- agrees that engagement with law enforcement is the best and only sustainable way to protect victims and apprehend perpetrators of sex trafficking. Corruption within police forces should not be a reason to deny trafficking victims the enforcement of laws designed to protect them. Hollywood Movie Taken The recent release of the Hollywood film Taken opened up the eyes of all the viewers who watched it. It was about a man who loved his daughter very much and when she goes on a trip to Europe, she is abducted and enters the world of human and sex trafficking. The fathers stop at nothing to find his daughter. Movies like this give an overview of what the trafficking world really looks like .For a person that has never heard of the term, it really opens up ones eyes and perspective. Educating Women Research has shown that investing in the education and financial power of girls and women generates multiple social benefits. Better educated women have higher incomes and raise healthier children. They are more likely to be able to plan the size of their families, and they choose to have fewer children. Women are more likely than men are to use their earnings to support the health and education of their children. One study showed that women invest 90 percent of their income in their families, whereas men invest only 30 to 40 percent. Investing in young women is the key not only to ending sex trafficking, its the key to changing the world. Opening the Worlds Eyes Trafficking is a global problem and will probably always be a problem. It has been around for centuries and one can only tell when it will ever stop. Though there may never be an end to human trafficking, knowledge is the ultimate power and people working together to fight human trafficking, lives can be saved.

How Safe Are Mobile Phones? :: essays research papers fc

Millions of people own a mobile phone these days, and ever since they have been around scientists question the fact of they are safe or not. Do they cause tumors, earaches, mercury poisoning? All these health risks are mentioned in every article I found. But nowhere could I find anything that was sure if mobiles did cause all of the above. This is where science fails us. The problem is that mobile phones are still too new to know the long-term effects on human. Mobile phones give of a radiation of radio frequency round 10MHz to 300Ghz. But so do other appliances. Why does mobiles especially get put in the picture of being hazardous? Soon it will be clear whether the radio frequency emissions from mobiles cause health effect. Drivers who use there mobiles whilst driving are the only â€Å"health risk† that can be proven, the drivers get distracted and lose control over the vehicle. Technology invented something for this, hands-free sets. But now the question is do those hands free sets really solve the problem? Researchers now are looking at if the hands free sets don’t cause other problems. A report from the magazine â€Å"which?† said that hands free kits raised levels if radiation to the head from mobile phones by up to three and a half times. The consumer association immediately stressed that it had done no research into this whether this radiation could cause damage to the brain. That just proves that whenever there has been research a report is released to prove that research wrong. Probably is done not to cause any chaos. Mobiles are said to cause brain tumors, they say this because there was found to be more tumors of the same kind amongst mobile phone users. Mobiles cause memory loss, radiation sickness. Mobiles can disturb your sleep pattern, according to the researchers from the university of Zurich, mobile phones increases brain activity during our sleep. A really strange result of the use of mobile phones is that mobile phones can release the poisonous mercury from fillings causing brain damage, scientist say this is due to the electrical fields given off by mobile phones can activate the mercury, giving off a gas. The fumes attach the nervous system causing conditions from depression, asthma to Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Some studies have suggested links between Radio frequency radiation and lymphoma, microwaves and memory loss, mobile phone use and a rare type of brain cancer, mobile phone radiation and DNA destruction, and mobile phone use and damaged scalp nerves

Statistics Exercise 36 Answers

Exercise 36 Answers 1. Since the F value is significant, based on the p-value of 0. 005 which is less than 0. 05 which is sufficient to reject the null hypothesis. This suggests that there is a difference in the control and treatment groups. 2. Since the p- value is less than 0. 05 and therefor the null hypothesis can be rejected. This presents that the mean, difficulty and mobility scores, must be different 3. The result was statistically significant with a probability score of p < 0. 001. 4. Yes, because 0. 001 < 0. 01 and would still be significant. . The 0. 04 > 0. 01 would indicate that there is no statistical significance and except the null and conclude that there is no difference between the groups. 6. NOVA cannot be used to test proposed relationships or predicted correlations between variables in a single group. This is because ANOVA is tests relationships within various groups and among the groups. 7. The study had 149 subjects and 2 groups 8. The strength of the study whe re that they include a control group to test the dependent variable to examine the differences over time.The weakness of the study comes from the low number of subjects in the study. More subjects would have made the study more creditable. 9. The study results indicated a significant improvement in the pain scores of women with OA who received the treatment of guided imagery (F(1, 26) =4. 406, p = 0. 046). Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected. But in my opinion I would have liked to have seen a larger number of subjects. Also, including the standard deviations for the treatment and control groups also are needed to calculate the effect size in the study.The effect size is needed to conduct a power analysis to predict the sample size needed for future studies. 10. Possible problems and limitation with the study is that the pain that leads to limited mobility and may lead to disability which can hinder them form taking the treatments. Also, with it being over such a long time span y ou have to worry about subjects stopping the treatment and with a low number of subjects this could alter the data drastically.

Marketing and Product Development

The question in the case is whether Kim should spend the fresh (2nd round) VC financing in Marketing and scale up the business or should focus the resources on fine tuning the existing product. Our recommendation is that the company should allocate around 70% of $4mn in marketing spend and 30% in product development and fine tuning the existing one.This recommendation is primarily based on the fact that the company should maximize the first mover advantage and develop barriers to entry by reducing the cost of goods sold with the help of economies of scale and ventually reducing the sales price so as to be competitive and not let others to enter the space. This is mainly because the business model is very easily replicable and thus create the risk of being thrown out of business in the long run.Moreover, the product development and fine tuning is largely replicable irrespective of the number of customers and each customer could be segmented based on the 4 bins Kim and Nolan came up wi th. With reference to the spend, the company should focus on Email marketing, Sophisticated social media, developing sophisticated search echanics, promoting the deals websites advertising and also advertising through blogs.However, it is worthwhile a mention that though emails and network affiliates program involves huge spends, they are directly proportional to the amount of business the firm does or the customer acquisition. The company may run the risk of: 1. Exposing the activities and products in addition to the business model by scaling up the marketing spends and bringing unprecedented levels of transparency to customers along with the firms competitors and potential competitors 2. Exponentially increase the customer retention and acquisition costs by developing ultiple layers of acquisition costs 3.May negatively affect the performance and reputation of the firm if the customers have complaints about the product However the firm may mitigate these risks by: 1. Acquiring max imum amount of market share and create growth in the market size. Thus, creating barrier to entry as a result of low selling price and variety of product match. This is mainly because the idea is substantially untapped and the product is simultaneously acceptable. The firm must target to tap as much market as possible before any new or existing player takes it over. Marketing and Product Development The question in the case is whether Kim should spend the fresh (2nd round) VC financing in Marketing and scale up the business or should focus the resources on fine tuning the existing product. Our recommendation is that the company should allocate around 70% of $4mn in marketing spend and 30% in product development and fine tuning the existing one. This recommendation is primarily based on the fact that the company should maximize the first mover advantage and develop barriers to entry by reducing the cost of goods sold with the help of economies of scale and eventually reducing the sales price so as to be competitive and not let others to enter the space.This is mainly because the business model is very easily replicable and thus create the risk of being thrown out of business in the long run. Moreover, the product development and fine tuning is largely replicable irrespective of the number of customers and each customer could be segmented based on the 4 bins Kim and Nolan came up with. With reference to the spend, the company should focus on Email marketing, Sophisticated social media, developing sophisticated search mechanics, promoting the deals websites advertising and also advertising through blogs.However, it is worthwhile a mention that though emails and network affiliates program involves huge spends, they are directly proportional to the amount of business the firm does or the customer acquisition. The company may run the risk of:1.Exposing the activities and products in addition to the business model by scaling up the marketing spends and bringing unprecedented levels of transparency to customers along with the firms competitors and potential competitors2.Exponentially increase the customer retention and acquisition costs by developing multiple layers of acquisition costs3.May negatively affect the performance and reputation of the firm if the customers have complaints about the product However the firm may mitigate these risks by:1.Acquiring maximu m amount of market share and create growth in the market size. Thus, creating barrier to entry as a result of low selling price and variety of product match. This is mainly because the idea is substantially untapped and the product is simultaneously acceptable. The firm must target to tap as much market as possible before any new or existing player takes it over.2.The increasing customer retention and acquisition costs could also  be countered by lowing the COGS as a result of economies of scale and effecting the retention by further lowering the selling price without affecting the margins much.3.Negative reputation due to customer complaints could be countered with the help of product development and fine tuning the existing products and ideas based on customer needs and value system. This could be done by implementing the CRM with the help of 30% of the additional funds raised in the 2nd round.